Over the next three days, cross-border drone, missile, and artillery exchanges continued; India targeted Pakistan’s air defense system and purported military targets in 11 Pakistani cities.

notes, the holding of border conferences, and at times fighting in border areas. Although the physical characteristics of the border area are contributing factors to border problems, the delays and …

Abstract The relationship between India and Pakistan remains one of South Asia’s most complex and strained bilateral dynamics. Rooted in the 1947 partition of British India, their ties have been defined …

April 2025. In 2023, India formally issued a notice to Pakistan requesting a modification o the IWT. This marked the most significant formal challenge to the treaty since its inception in 1960. India’s move …

Abstract: India’s border regions, especially those adjoining Pakistan, function as more than just territorial demarcations—they are dynamic, contested spaces that embody larger geopolitical tensions and …

Behind this security rhetoric, however, are indications of a deeper strategic agenda seeking to reduce or neutralize Pakistan’s nuclear deterrence in the medium term, in order to grant India strategic …

The India-Pakistan conflict, especially the component of cross-border terrorism, has significant international ramifications. It affects regional stability in South Asia, global counter-terrorism efforts, …